Cacti tsire-tsire ne na musamman kuma masu ban sha'awa waɗanda suka samo asali don rayuwa a cikin wasu wurare mafi zafi da bushewa a duniya.Waɗannan tsire-tsire masu ɗorewa suna da iyawar ban mamaki don jure matsanancin fari, yana mai da su duka abin ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa.A cikin wannan labarin, za mu shiga cikin duniyar cacti kuma mu gano dalilin da yasa basa mutuwa da ƙishirwa.
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman fa'idodin cacti shine tushen succulent mai tushe.Ba kamar yawancin tsire-tsire waɗanda ke dogara ga ganyen su don photosynthesis ba, cacti sun samo asali ne don adana ruwa a cikin kauri da mai tushe.Wadannan mai tushe suna aiki a matsayin tafki, barin cacti don adana ruwa mai yawa a lokacin ruwan sama ko babban zafi.Wannan ginanniyar tsarin ajiyar ruwa yana ba wa cacti damar tsira na dogon lokaci na fari, saboda suna iya shiga cikin waɗannan wuraren ajiyar lokacin da ruwa ya yi karanci.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, cacti sun daidaita ganyen su don rage asarar ruwa.Ba kamar tsarin faffaɗa da ganye da ake samu a yawancin tsire-tsire ba, cacti sun haɓaka ganyayen da aka gyara da ake kira spines.Wadannan kashin baya suna yin amfani da dalilai da yawa, daya daga cikinsu yana rage asarar ruwa ta hanyar motsa jiki.Ta hanyar samun ƙasa da ƙananan wuraren da aka fallasa ga yanayin, cacti na iya adana iyakataccen ruwan da suke da shi.
Baya ga iyawar ajiyar ruwa na ban mamaki, cacti sun kuma ɓullo da gyare-gyare na physiological na musamman da na jikin mutum don tsira a cikin yanayi mara kyau.Alal misali, cacti suna da kyallen takarda na musamman da ake kira CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) wanda ke ba su damar aiwatar da photosynthesis da dare, lokacin da zafin jiki ya fi sanyi kuma haɗarin asarar ruwa ta hanyar ƙaura ya ragu.Wannan photosynthesis na dare yana taimaka wa cacti adana ruwa a cikin rana, lokacin da zafin rana zai iya lalata ruwansu da sauri.
Bugu da ƙari, cacti suna da tsarin tushe mai zurfi da yaduwa wanda ke ba su damar ɗaukar kowane danshi da sauri daga ƙasa.Wadannan tushe mara tushe suna bazuwa a kwance maimakon zurfi, suna barin tsire-tsire su kama ruwa daga wani wuri mai girma.Wannan daidaitawa yana ba da damar cacti don yin mafi yawan ko da mafi ƙarancin ruwan sama ko raɓa, yadda ya kamata ya ƙara yawan ruwan su.
Abin sha'awa shine, cacti suma ƙwararru ne na rage asarar ruwa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar tsarin da ake kira metabolism acid crassulacean.Tsire-tsire na CAM, irin su cacti, suna buɗe stomatansu da daddare don kama carbon dioxide, suna rage asarar ruwa yayin mafi zafi na rana.
A ƙarshe, cacti sun samo asali da yawa na gyare-gyare waɗanda ke ba su damar bunƙasa a cikin yanayi mara kyau kuma su guje wa mutuwa da ƙishirwa.Ganyayyakinsu masu ɗanɗanonsu suna adana ruwa, ganyayen da aka gyara suna rage asarar ruwa, CAM photosynthesis suna ba da damar kama carbon dioxide na dare, kuma tushensu mara zurfi yana haɓaka sha ruwa.Wadannan gyare-gyaren na ban mamaki suna nuna juriya da ra'ayoyin rayuwa na cacti, suna mai da su zakarun gaske na jurewar fari.Lokaci na gaba da kuka ci karo da wani cactus a cikin hamada, ɗauki ɗan lokaci don jin daɗin gyare-gyare na ban mamaki waɗanda ke ba shi damar jurewa da bunƙasa a cikin yanayi mara kyau.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-31-2023